Дзиро Осараги

Дзиро Осараги - известный мастер исторического романа и документальной прозы. Его настоящее имя - Haruhiko Nojiri 野尻清彦.В 1974 году издательством «Асахи симбунся» была учреждена литературная премия его имени, присуждаемая японским авторам выдающихся художественных произведений и исследований в области гуманитарных наук в память о скончавшемся за год до этого писателе.Осараги родился в г. Йокогама. Его старший брат Хоэй Нодзири был известным исследователем английской литературы и астрономом.Osaragi Jirō began writing while still in high school, publishing his first work Ichiko Romance, which described life in the school dormitory. He also became interested in the theatre. He attended Tokyo Imperial University, where he developed a strong sense of resistance to authoritarianism. After graduation, he obtained a posting as a teacher at the Kamakura Higher Girls' School (present-day Kamakura Jogakuin High School), located in Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture. Because of his language skills, he was recruited by the Foreign Ministry in 1922, and worked there for about a year. However after the Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923, he decided to devote himself full time to writing.In 1924 Osaragi Jirō published his first popular historical novel, Hayabusa no Genji which was serialized in the magazine, Pocket. At this time he was living in Kamakura behind the famous Great Buddha of Kamakura (鎌倉大仏, Kamakura Daibutsu?). The Chinese characters for Daibutsu can also be read Osaragi which became the source of his pen-name, Osaragi Jirō. However, his choice of pen name of Osaragi was not mere whimsy: The Osaragi branch of the Hōjō clan descended from Hojo Tokufusa, were prominent warriors in the Kamakura period chronicle Taiheiki. Their estates were located near the Great Buddha.Osaragi's popular fiction novels with historical settings such as Kurama Tengu (novel) (1924-1959), Teru Hi Kumoru Hi ("Sunny Days Cloudy Days", 1926-1927), and Ako Roshi ("Loyal Retainers of Ako", 1927-1928), were serialized in newspapers and magazines, and gained him a tremendous following. Many were later made into movies and television series, with Kanjūrō Arashi, for instance, making a name for himself playing Kurama Tengu.However, Osaragi also wrote works of contemporary fiction such as Shiroi Ane ("White Sister") and Kiribue ("Misty Flute"). Kikyō ("Homecoming", 1948) described the author's anger at petty attitudes which surfaced after World War II.Osaragi was deeply influenced by French literature and culture, and wrote a number non-fiction pieces displaying his deep understanding of controversial events in Europe: Doreifas jiken ("The Dreyfus Affair"), Buraunje Shogun no Higeki ("The Tragedy of General Boulanger"), and Pari wa Moyu ("Paris is Burning"). When he died in 1973 at the age of 75, he was still writing Tennō no Seiki ("Century of Emperors"), a historical chronicle based on the spiritual history of the Japanese people.Osaragi lived in Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture from 1921 to his death in 1973. Osaragi was a central figure in Kamakura's literary life, and he also campaigned avidly for the protection of Kamakura's scenic beauty. When housing developers threatened the mountainside behind Kamakura's famous Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū, he banded together with a number of famous literati and artists (including Hideo Kobayashi, Nagai Tatsuo, Yasunari Kawabata, Riichi Yokomitsu, Itō Shinsui, Kiyokata Kaburagi), residing in Kamakura to oppose the development. This led to the foundation of the Japan National Trust, modeled after the National Trust in Great Britain, and which has been successful in preserving the historical ambience of Kamakura and parts of other cities around Japan.Osaragi also served for two months in the cabinet of Prime Minister Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko as a councillor.In 1964, he was awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese government.Osaragi Jirō's grave is at the temple of Jufuku-ji in Kamakura. Despite Osaragi's long association with Kamakura, due to a dispute over inheritance taxes, his manuscripts and artifacts were donated to the city of Yokohama by his heirs, where they now form the collection of the Osaragi Jirō Commemorative Museum. His house in Kamakura remains in private hands, and is open (occasionally) to the public.
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